Construction of recombinant adenovirus vector of calcitonin gene-related peptide gene and transfection to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by AdEasy system and to validate its expression in myocardial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The full-length of CGRP gene cDNA was acquired by RT-PCR and cloned into pShuttle-CMV. After linearization with Pme I, the recombinant plasmid (pShuttle-CMV-CGRP) was transformed into E.coli BJ5183 by electroporation to construct the recombinant adenovirus plasmid AdEasy-pShuttle-CGRP. The recombinant adenovirus plasmids were transformed into E.coli XL10-Gold cells to be amplified. Then the recombinant plasmid was digested with Pac I and transfected to 293 cells to package recombinant adenovirus particles. PCR technique was used to detect target gene. The recombinant adenovirus particles were purified by CsC1 density gradient. The purified recombinant adenovirus was transfected to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes,and the recombinant adenovirus production was observed by fluorescent microscope. Expression of CGRP in hearts 7 days after intravenous delivery of adenoviral vectors AV-CGRP was determined by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The RT-PCR products confirmed a full-length cDNA of CGRP gene in PUC(57) by sequencing. The corresponding double endonuclease and PCR analysis certified the successful cloning of the gene into the pShuttle-CMV. The recombinant adenovirus plasmid AdEasy-pShuttle-CGRP was digested by Pac I endonuclease to form the typical DNA segments, whose length was about 3 kb and 30 kb. PCR analysis and fluorescent microscope observation confirmed that the CGRP gene was inserted into the adenovirus vector with very strong power of transfection. The recombinant adenovirus particles infected neonatal rat cardiomyocytes successfully. Radioimmunoassay showed that delivery of AV-CGRP significantly increased the expression of CGRP in mice hearts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The recombinant adenovirus vector of CGRP gene has been constructed,and it can infect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes successfully. Somatic delivery of CGRP gene can significantly increase the expression of CGRP in mice hearts. The results may provide a sound foundation for further study on the value of CGRP as the target for gene therapy in both laboratory and clinical trials.</p>

The Protective effect of CGPR on cardiac function in the early-staged diabetic mice postiscbemic injury / 中国基层医药

Objective Diabetic mice models were established.Hearts were separated from the body,reperfused after ischemia,and disposed of with the extraneous calcitonin gene-ralated peptide (CGRP),to prove if the CGRP had protective effect on the early-staged diabetic mice with cardiac ischemia.Method ICR mice were injected with Streptozocins intraperitoneally to establish diabetic model.The model mice and the normal mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:two diabetic groups,two control groups.Hearts of the experimental mice were taken out from the chest cavity alive,and hanged on the Langendorff steadily for 30min.Western blot and radioimmunoassay techniques were used to test expression of Vanilloid receptor(VR1) and CGRP in myocardic tissue;Madlab system was used to test the cardiac function,which including left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),heart rate (HR),and coronary artery flow (CF),in the process of ischemic reperfusion,And ELISA assay kit was used to measure the concentration of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in perfusion fluid collected from the heart.Result Expressions of VR1 and CGRP in diabetic hearts were significantly lower than those in normal ones 2 weeks later(P＜0.01).By comparing with normal hearts,diabetic hearts had higher LVEDP and CF (P＜0.05),and lower LVDP and HR(P＜0.05).However,release of LDH were lower than normal ones (P＜0.05).Predisposition of normal and diabetic hearts with CGRP can improve the cardiac function after ischemie injury.And the beneficial effect was more profound in early-staged diabetic hearts than in normal ones.Conclusion The diabetes disease(DM) can impair the expression of CGRP in myocardiac tissue.The extraneous CGRP may exert more potent protective effect on cardiac function in the early-staged diabetic heart.

Alprazolam use improves psychological status and reduces hospitalization costs in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of alprazolam use on psychological status and hospitalization cost in patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia underwent electrophysiology studies or radiofrequency catheter ablation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 142 inpatients [77 males, mean age (43.1 +/- 14.5) years] were randomly assigned to receive alprazolam (0.4 mg qd at 10PM for 3 days, n = 72) or placebo (n = 70) 3 days before scheduled electrophysiology studies or radiofrequency catheter ablation. All patients were examined by the Chinese version of Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) at 24 hours before the procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the placebo group, the scores of somatization (1.38 +/- 0.40 vs. 1.65 +/- 0.56, P < 0.01), anxiety (1.50 +/- 0.39 vs. 1.69 +/- 0.50, P < 0.05), phobic anxiety (1.24 +/- 0.36 vs. 1.47 +/- 0.57, P < 0.01), psychotism constructs (1.24 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.35 +/- 0.30, P < 0.05) and global severity index (1.36 +/- 0.35 vs. 1.49 +/- 0.37, P < 0.05) were significantly decreased in alprazolam group. The hospitalization costs were also significantly lower in alprazolam group (32 498 +/- 1170) yuan compared to placebo group (32 947 +/- 1096) yuan, P < 0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The alprazolam use before electrophysiology studies and radiofrequency catheter ablation can improve the patients' psychological status and reduce the hospitalization costs.</p>

Effects of hyperthyroidism on the electrophysiological characteristics between atrium and gap junction between atrium and pulmonary vein / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperthyroidism on the electrophysiological characteristics of atrium and gap junction between atrium and pulmonary vein.Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into control group and hyperthyroid group.Atrium and pulmonary vein were dissected after the atrial effective refractory period (AERP)was measured.Connexin 43(Cx43)and Counexin 40(Cx40)protein and mRNA were determined by Western blot and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results In comparison with control group,AERP and rate adaption of AERP in hyperthyroid group were significantly shorter than that of control group( P＜0.01).The concentration of Cx43 protein in hyperthyroid group was significantly higher than that of control group,but Cx40 protein was significantly lower than that of control group(P＜0.05).The expression of Cx43 mRNA in atrium and pulmonary vein was found to be up-regulated in hyperthyroid group as compared with that of control group(P＜0.01). With the level of Cx40 mRNA,there was no significant difference between two groups.Conclusion Thyroid hormone could lead to remodeling of both atrial electrophysiology and gap junction between atrium and pulmonary vein.

Effects of short-term rapid atrial pacing on electrophysiological characteristics of atrium in hyperthyroidism / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of short-term rapid atrial pacing on the electrophysiological characteristics of atrium in hyperthyroidism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six adult rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (n=10), pacing group (n=10), hyperthyroidism group (n=14), hyperthyroidism/pacing group (n=12). Baseline AERP and AERPs after pacing 2, 4, 6 h were determined in all groups at driver cycle length (DCL) of 200 ms, 150 ms and 130 ms.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In pacing group, AERPs at different DCL (200 ms, 150 ms and 130 ms) were shortened after rapid pacing 2, 4, 6 h when compared with before pacing and control group (P<0.01). AERPs (at DCL of 200 ms, 150 ms and 130 ms) in hyperthyroidism group were shorter than those in control group at all time points (P<0.01). AERPs (at DCL of 200 ms, 150 ms and 130 ms) in hyperthyroidism/pacing group after rapid pacing 2, 4, 6 h were shorter than those in pacing 0 h (P<0.01) and hyperthyroidism group (P<0.05). AERP200-150 and AERP200-130 in pacing group after rapid pacing 2, 4, 6 h were significantly different from at pacing 0 h and control group (P<0.01). AERP200-150 and AERP200-130 in hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism/pacing group were significantly different from control group at all time points (P<0.01). No differences were observed in AERP200-150 and AERP200-130 between hyperthyroidism group and hyperthyroidism/pacing group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hyperthyroidism and short-term atrial pacing in the presence of hyperthyroidism can lead to remodeling of atrial electrophysiology.</p>

Psychologic status comparison in patients treated with transradial or transfermoral approach coronary catheterizations / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We previously showed that factorial score of somatization, which was obtained by the examination of symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90), was higher in patients received transfemoral coronary catheterization than norm. The aim of the present study was to compare the patient's psychologic status between transradial approach and transfemoral approach percutaneous coronary catheterizations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 198 inpatients (105 transfemoral, 93 transradial) underwent scheduled first time coronary catheterizations were enrolled. All patients were studied by symptom SCL-90 on present psychologic status 24 hours before and 24-48 hours after coronary catheterizations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Age, sex, weight, smokers, employment, educational background, marriage status, family relations, family history of cardiovascular disease, income and medical insurance status were similar between the two groups. There was also no difference in diabetes, hypertension history as well as coronary heart disease confirmed by coronary catheterization between the 2 groups. Compared with the status before the procedure, factorial scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, global severity index and total positive symptoms were significantly reduced after percutaneous coronary catheterizations (1.50 +/- 0.51 vs. 1.64 +/- 0.53, 1.50 +/- 0.48 vs. 1.67 +/- 0.55, 1.28 +/- 0.41 vs. 1.38 +/- 0.49, 1.42 +/- 0.43 vs. 1.55 +/- 0.53, 1.38 +/- 0.41 vs. 1.58 +/- 0.54, 1.32 +/- 0.35 vs. 1.44 +/- 0.41, 1.38 +/- 0.34 vs. 1.49 +/- 0.42, and 23.08 +/- 17.30 vs. 27.72 +/- 18.79, respectively, P all < 0.05). Scores on somatization, depression and positive symptom severity index were significantly lower in patients received transradial coronary catheterizations than those received transfemoral coronary catheterization approach (1.52 +/- 0.51 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.53, 1.43 +/- 0.54 vs. 1.54 +/- 0.43 and 2.36 +/- 0.66 vs. 2.50 +/- 0.43, respectively, P all < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients' psychologic status improved significantly after percutaneous coronary catheterizations. Improvement on psychologic status is significantly better in patients underwent transradial coronary catheterizations than that underwent transfemoral coronary catheterizations.</p>

Comparison of the antithrombotlic effect and safety between intravenous nadroparin and unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The study was designed to compare the antithrombotic property and safety between nadroparin and unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective, single blind, randomized study was performed. A total of 98 patients (aged 65.1 +/- 8.6 years, female, 28.6%, diabetes, 7.1%) undergoing selective PCI were randomized to be administered intravenously either nadroparin (0.075 ml/10 kg) or unfractionated heparin (100U/kg) for procedural anticoagulation, in whom stable angina was 42.9%, unstable angina, 27.6%, myocardial infarction, 29.6%, two or three-vessel disease, 23.5%, stent, 100%. Blood samples for anti-Xa level were assayed in the first 22 patients of the nadroparin group before and after administration at the following intervals: 8 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h. Bleeding complications were classified according to Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) criteria. The bleeding index (change in hemoglobin) was calculated. All patients were monitored for adverse clinical events (i.e. death, myocardial infarction, need for revascularization) during the period of 30 days after PCI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two randomized groups. (2) Plasma anti-Xa activities were 0.10 +/- 0.00 IU/ml at the time just before the administration of nadroparin, 1.89 +/- 0.24 IU/ml, 0.96 +/- 0.24 IU/ml, 0.47 +/- 0.13 IU/ml, and 0.30 +/- 0.12 IU/ml at the time of 8 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after the use of nadroparin (and the rate of > 0.5 IU/ml were 100%, 100%, 45% and 9% patients), respectively. (3) There were no significant differences in the mean bleeding index, post-PCI hemoglobin and hematocrit between nadroparin and unfractionated heparin group [(1.16 +/- 5.80) g/L vs (0.90 +/- 6.50) g/L, P = 0.858; (129.5 +/- 13.6) g/L vs (125.5 +/- 14.9) g/L, P = 0.175; (39.0 +/- 3.9)% vs (37.9 +/- 4.6)%, P = 0.205]. (4) None of the patients in two randomized groups were observed hemorrhagic events, which including TIMI major or minor bleeding complications, gross or microscopic hematuria, melena, positive stool occult blood. There were no blood transfusions and no hematoma at the vascular access site in either of the group. (5) No death, no recurrent angina pectoris, and no urgent revascularization occurred within 30 days in both groups. One patient in nadroparin group was observed "no reflow" phenomenon that was accompanied with an elevated ST segment and a risen serum level of cTnI. This patient was diagnosed as non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Though no myocardial infarction was found in unfractionated heparin group, there was no significant difference in the rate of myocardial infarction between the two groups of the study (P = 0.970).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The administration of nadroparin before PCI seems effective and safe. Compared with unfractionated heparin, nadroparin was associated with neither an excess of bleeding nor an increase of clinical complications in this study.</p>

A novel splice mutation of HERG in a Chinese family with long QT syndrome / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetically heterogeneous disease in which six ion-channel genes have been identified. The phenotype-genotype relationships of the HERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) mutations are not fully understood. The objective of this study is to identify the underlying genetic basis of a Chinese family with LQTS and to characterize the clinical manifestations properties of the mutation. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses were conducted on DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction from five LQT-related genes. Aberrant conformers were analyzed by DNA sequencing. A novel splice mutation in C-terminus of HERG was identified in this Chinese LQTS family, leading to the deletion of 11-bp at the acceptor splice site of Exon9 [Exon9 IVS del (-12-->-2)]. The mutation might affect, through deficient splicing, the putative cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) of the HERG K(+) channel. This mutation resulted in a mildly affected phenotype. Only the proband had a history of syncopes, while the other three individuals with long QT interval had no symptoms. Two other mutation carriers displayed normal phenotype. No sudden death occurred in the family. The 4 affected individuals and the two silent mutation carriers were all heterozygous for the mutation. It is the first splice mutation of HERG reported in Chinese LQTS families. Clinical data suggest that the CNBD mutation may be less malignant than mutations occurring in the pore region and be partially dominant over wild-type function.

Identification of a novel mutation at the point of low density lipoprotein receptor gene from a subject with familial hypercholesterolemia / 生理学报

Family hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder caused by mutation in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. It is characterized by a high concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL), which frequently gives rise to tendon xanthenes and premature coronary artery disease. We studied a FH family ,which was diagnosed by clinical features and blood lipid tests. The Total cholesterol level of the family was 19.05 mmol/L and the LDL level was 17.06 mmol/L in the proband homozygous FH subjects, while the total cholesterol was 7.96 mmol/L and LDL was 5.55 mmol/L in the heterozygous FH subjects. DNA segments amplified with PCR were sequenced in heterozygous and homozygous FH patients. Two novel identical mutation alleles of GAG683GCG, which caused an amino acid change from Glu to Ala, were detected in Exon4 of LDL receptor gene in homozygous proband. DNA sequencing revealed that the proband's parents were heterozygotes with the same mutational alleles as the proband. These results are in coincidence with the clinical diagnoses. Moreover Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphocytes (EBV-Ls) were derived by routine virus infection transforming protocol. The cells bounded with the fluorescently conjugated LDL were measured by fluorescence flow cytometry. The ratios of functional LDLR in EBV-Ls originated from homozygous FH, heterozygous FH and normal control were 7.02%, 62.64% and 84.69%, respectively. As a result, the homozygous FH patient's LDLR had 8.29% and the heterozygous FH patient's LDLR had 73.96% of the activity of the control. It is apparent that LDL receptor activity of homozygous FH subject is significantly lower than normal control. The data from fluorescence flow cytometry analysis of EBV-Ls strongly support the clinical diagnoses and the results of DNA sequencing. In accordance with the updated version of UMD-LDLR, the mutant GAG683GCG in Exon4 of LDLR gene which we have identified is a novel mutation of the LDLR gene in human with hypercholesterolemia.

Single nucleotide polymorphism in SCN5A and the distribution in Chinese Han ethnic group / 生理学报

Mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel type (SCN5A) may evoke severe, life-threatening disturbances in cardiac rhythm, including long QT syndrome, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (Brugada Syndrome), and isolated cardiac conduction disease. There is increasing awareness of the role of common polymorphisms in altering gene function and in susceptibility to diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in SCN5A gene and the distribution of these identified SNPs in Chinese Han nationality. SCN5A gene was sequenced by fluorescent labeling automatic sequencing method in 120 unrelated samples from Han nationality in South China. Allele frequency distribution was tested by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results showed that a total of 5 SNPs were identified in SCN5A gene, including three SNPs in code region, one SNP in regulatory region and the other in intron 23 adjacent to donor splicing site. The distribution of the SNPs in SCN5A gene was uneven. These allele frequencies in Han population of South China were as follows: G87A (A29A) 27.5%, A1673G (H588R) 10.4%, 4245+82A>G 32.8%, C5457T (D1819D) 41.3% and G6174A 44.9% respectively. The SNPs G87A (A29A), 4245+82A>G and G6174A were reported for the first time. There was no significant difference in the allele frequency of A1673G (H558R) within different ethical populations (P>0.05). C5457T (D1819D) allele frequency of Han population in South China was similar to that observed in Japanese (P>0.5), but higher than that in American (p<0.005). There was no significant difference in the distribution of the SNPs between male group and female group (all p>0.05). S1102Y and other 10 SNPs identified in other ethnic populations have not been detected in Chinese Han population. The allele distribution of SNPs was in good unity with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. It is suggested that the SNP distribution of SCN5A gene varies within different nationalities. These data will be of use for genetic association studies of acquired arrythmias and investigation of sensitivity to drug therapy.

Effect of homocysteine on NF-kappaB activity in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat VSMCs were stimulated with 0.25 mmol/L Hcy. Cells were collected and nuclear protein was extracted at 30 min, 1 h and 2 h following stimulation. NF-kappaB activity was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Baseline NF-kappaB nuclear binding in VSMCs increased more than 1.76-fold at 30 min (P<0.01), 1.91-fold at 1h (P<0.01) and 1.84-fold at 2 h (P<0.01) following stimulation of Hcy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hcy can enhance transient mobilization of N-kappaB in VSMCs, which suggests that some regulating effect of Hcy on VSMCs might be exerted through NF-kappaB activation pathway.</p>

Profile on circadian blood pressure and the influencing factors in essential hypertensive patients after treatment / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the circadian blood pressure (BP) profile and its influencing factors in essential hypertensive patients after treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cross-sectional surveillance was carried out in essential hypertensive subjects after treatment whose clinic blood pressure had been under control as 140/90 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) for at least one month. All patients underwent a twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device (spacelabs 90207). The nocturnal fall of blood pressure (BP) was calculated from (daytime mean BP-night-time mean BP)/daytime BP, while 'daytime' values were recorded between 6 h and 22 h and 'night-time' values between 22 h and 6 h. Non-dippers were defined as those whose nocturnal decrease in mean systolic BP and/or mean diastolic BP was < 10% of the daytime BP. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between circadian blood pressure profile and factors as gender, age, height, body mass index (BMI), family history of premature cardiovascular disease, women under age 65 or men under age 55, smoking habits, grade of hypertension, and strategy of antihypertensive drugs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>208 treated essential hypertensive patients were enrolled in the study. 79 individuals were dippers and 129 were non-dippers. Data from logistic regression analysis showed that four factors as age, premature family history of cardiovascular disease, overweight or obesity, and strategy of antihypertensive drugs were significantly influencing the circadian blood pressure profile in treated hypertensive patients. The incidence of non-dippers in patients of 70 years of age or older and those between 60 and 69 were 3.3 and 2.3 times of those with less than 60 (P = 0.009 and 0.031, respectively). The prevalence of non-dippers in patients with a premature family history of cardiovascular disease was 3.7 times greater than those in subjects without a premature history of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.029). Similarly, the incidence of non-dippers in patients of overweight (24 </= BMI < 28) and obesity (BMI >/= 28) were 3.0 and 4.8 times of those in subjects of normal weight (P = 0.003 and 0.009, respectively). Compared with patients treated with long-acting calcium channel blockers (CCBs), patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) alone had less prevalence of nondippers (OR = 0.139, P = 0.010). Patients treated with joint antihypertensive scheme including ACE inhibitors or ARBs(but not including diuretics) had the tendency of lower incidence of abnormal circadian blood pressure rhythm (OR = 0.453, P = 0.118). Patients treated with joint antihypertensive scheme including diuretics (not including ACE inhibitors or ARBs) and with joint antihypertensive strategy including diuretics and ACE inhibitors or ARBs had lower incidence of nondippers (OR = 0.378 and 0.273, respectively; P = 0.030 and 0.011, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Approximately 2/3 treated essential hypertensive patients had a non-dipper blood pressure profile. Age, premature family history of cardiovascular disease, overweight/obesity, and antihypertensive drugs strategy were correlated with circadian blood pressure profile. Compared with long-acting CCBs, diuretics, ACE inhibitors or ARBs might be helpful in keeping the circadian blood pressure rhythm at normal range.</p>

Psychologic status and their influencing factors in patients suspected of coronary disease before and after coronary catheterization / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the psychologic status and their influencing factors in patients suspected of having coronary disease before and after coronary catheterization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hundred fifty-eight inpatients (125 men, 33 women, mean age 66.1 +/- 9.6 years) who underwent a scheduled coronary catheterization for the first time and fulfilled entry criteria were enrolled. All the patients were examined by Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), a standard self-report symptom inventory on present psychologic status, within 24 hours before the coronary catheterization (after the information consent) and the third day after the procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Before coronary catheterization, factorial scores of somatization, anxiety and phobic anxiety were higher than norm (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). After the procedure, only somatization score was higher (P < 0.01). (2) Men had higher scores on obsessive-compulsive and psychotism than women (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), however, women had higher scores on phobic anxiety (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with patients having coronary disease, those with angiographically normal coronary arteries seemed to have higher scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotism, global severity index and positive symptoms (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (4) After the procedure, significantly decreases in obsessive-compulsive, depression, hostility, global severity index and positive symptom severity index (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) were seen. (5) Patients merely underwent coronary angiography had higher score in phobic anxiety construct than those having had coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (1.34 +/- 0.38 vs 1.15 +/- 0.23, P < 0.05). (6) When compared with the degree of explanation under informed consent, specific risk was not informed mentioned, a higher score in positive symptom severity index was seen (2.56 +/- 0.48 vs 2.46 +/- 0.37, P = 0.02). (7) Higher score was seen on positive symptom severity index when patients aged 70 years or more (2.62 +/- 0.45) than those under 60 years old (2.47 +/- 0.43, P < 0.05) or between 60 and 69 years old (2.45 +/- 0.40, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients' psychologic symptoms before and after the coronary catheterization seemed to be related to many factors. The most important appeared one was coronary catheterization itself. Women, patients with angiographically normal arteries, those of 70 years old or more were more likely to have elevated psychologic distress. Detail information including specific risk regarding the procedure was not associated with the increase of psychological symptoms. The findings emphasized the importance of psychologic assessment and counseling for patient who had undergone a scheduled coronary catheterization.</p>

Psychological status and its influencing factors on patients undergoing electrophysiology studies and radiofrequency catheter ablation / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the psychological status and its influencing factors in patients before and after electrophysiology studies and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>125 inpatients (71 men, 54 women, mean age 42.91 years +/- 16.1 years) who underwent a scheduled electrophysiology studies and RFCA for the first time and fulfilled entry criteria, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to receiving either a consent which did not detail specific risk (group B) regarding the procedure or one that detailed the risks (group A). All patients were examined by the Chinese version of Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) within 24 hours before the procedure (after the consent) and on the third day after.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Before the electrophysiology studies and RFCA, scores of anxiety and phobic anxiety constructs were higher than the norm. After the procedure, no specific construct score became higher. (2) After the procedure, patients showed a significantly decrease in the scores of obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotism constructs, global severity index, total positive symptoms and positive symptom severity index. (3) Women scored higher on somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety constructs, global severity index and positive symptom total before the procedure. (4) Detail informed consent was not associated with increased mental symptoms when compared with consent that did not detail specific risks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In this study, patients showed slightly anxiety and phobic anxiety before electrophysiology studies and RFCA with women having more mental symptoms before the procedure that called for special attention. Detail information including the course and specific risk regarding the procedure was not associated with increased psychological symptoms. It was suggested that the patients should receive detail information before electrophysiology studies and RFCA.</p>

Relationship of collagen content, intimal thickening and angiotensin II level of iliac arteries after balloon injury in rabbits / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of collagen content intimal thickening and angiotensin II level of iliac arteries after balloon injury in rabbits. METHODS Fifty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly devided into 6 groups: losartan groups, benazapril groups and control groups for 4 weeks or 8 weeks. Every rabbit underwent endothelial debridement of the right iliac artery. lorsartan (15 mg/kg/d) and benazapril (5 mg/kg/d) were orally administrated respectively in losartan groups and benazepril groups from 5 days before until 4 weeks or 8 weeks after balloon injury. RESULTS: Collagen content and intimal area of rabbit iliac arteries were increased after balloon injury. After intervention for 4 weeks with losartan and benazapril, collagen content was decreased in losartan and benazapril groups than in control group 23.58+/-6.16 % and 22.67+/-10.20 % compared with 35.20+/-7.25 % respectively, P<0.05. After intervention for 8 weeks, collagen content was significantly decreased (20.69+/-11.16)% and 25.41+/-11.00 % compared with 42.69+/-13.99 % respectively, P<0.05; Intimal area and intimal to medial area ratio were also decreased in losartan and benazapril groups than in control group; Lumen area was increased in losartan and benazapril groups than in control group(0.79+/-0.25)mm2 and (0.76+/-0.28)mm2 compared with (0.62+/-0.27)mm2 P<0.05; Tissue angiotensin II level was increased in losartan group (516.31+/-70.79)pg/mg.pro compared with (410.72+/-100.11)pg/mg.pro, P<0.05, and decreased in benazapril group than in control group (340.62+/-67.69)pg/mg.pro compared with (410.72+/-100.11)pg/mg.pro, P<0.05. There were close correlation between tissue angiotensin II level and intimal area, or between tissue angiotensin II level and intimal to medial area ratio, or and collagen content in benazapril group, respectively, P<0.05. Conclusion (1) Collagen protein is a dynamic participant in vascular injury. (2) Tissue renin angiotensin system may play an important role in collagen accumulation, intimal thickening and vascular injury after angioplasty. (3) Losartan and benazapril reduce vascular collagen content and inhibit intimal thickening after balloon injury.